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Resource Key
Resource Level
We have graded each source in this Research Guide according to the following levels.
Level 1
Brief, easy to read information which may be basic and use informal language. Newspaper articles are generally this level.
Level 2
Generally includes subject-specific language, provides additional reading and may provide additional background information.
Level 3
Typically, these will be longer in length, detailed and contain technical information.
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general resources
General Resources
- How fast can we go?" ... Mathematicians and scientists use models to interpret data and make predictions, then revise their models when new data comes along ... "
- Can Math Make a Better Marathon?"Less than two miles from the finish of last month’s Chicago Marathon, with the race finally narrowed to a neck-and-neck duel between two Kenyan runners, the NBC television commentators began placing their bets ... "
- Racing Through Numbers: The Mathematics of an Olympic Marathon"In the world of sports, few events demand as much physical and mental prowess as the marathon, particularly at the Olympic level. Athletes push their bodies to the limit, covering 26.2 miles (42.195 kilometers) of terrain, battling not just their opponents but also the clock and the very limits of human endurance. Yet, behind the sheer athleticism and raw determination lies a fascinating realm of mathematics, intricately woven into every stride and every decision made by these elite runners ... "
- Why Marathons Are Getting Faster
For years, researchers and running enthusiasts have asked “Will humans be able to run a marathon in less than two hours?” On October 13, 2019, we got our answer … sort of. During an exhibition run in Vienna, Austria, Eliud Kipchoge of Kenya ran 26.2 miles (42.2 km) in 1:59:40.2, becoming the first person to run the sub-two-hour marathon. Kipchoge’s time does not count as a world record—he was not running in a sanctioned race, and he had a team of rotating pace makers, allowing him to draft. However, he does hold the official world record of 2:01:39, set in 2018. - The Science Behind Running Your Best Marathon
A masterclass in the art and science of marathon training from running coach Sam Murphy - Rise of the Illegal Running ShoesSuper trainers are fast, fun and maybe a little risky – here’s what to know about these max-cushioned shoes.
- Nike Vaporfly ban: why World Athletics had to act against the high-tech shoesKenyan runner Eliud Kipchoge last year became the first person to run a marathon distance in under two hours. But instead of being a pure celebration of human performance, the achievement (though not technically an official world record) led to criticism of Kipchoge’s shoes, an advanced design of the Nike Vaporfly. It represented an intensification of concern that the Vaporfly design was turning the humble trainer into an unfair form of performance enhancement.
using mathematics to make predictions
Mathematics and Sports Predictions
- World Records - Correlations and Predicting the Future"This group of projects is about exploring some of the trends between performances in different sports at the same time in history and in the rate of improvement of records over time ... "
Exploring Bivariate Linear Data
- How to plot bivariate data in ExcelBivariate data is the most used type of data representation for the plotting of scatter plots . The data depends on two variables as its name suggests, and it is analyzed using different machine-learning algorithms, using different charts, etc. Bivariate can be performed using different methods. Among those Linear regression is one of the most used algorithms for bivariate data.
the olympics
Marathon Records
- What are the six World Marathon Majors?"From the oldest annual marathon on the planet to the race with the most runners, find out everything you need to know about the most prestigious distance running series in the world ... "
- These Are the World’s Fastest Marathoners"Here’s a complete list of the world record-holders and all-time top 26.2-mile runners ... "
- Marathon GuideThis site contains some very interesting information about the marathon as well as the ability to search for marathon records by times, country, name and more.
- Full list of Olympic marathon champions"The marathon has been contested at every edition of the Olympics since the first modern Games in Athens in 1896, with the women’s added to the programme at Los Angeles 1984 ... "
- Marathon Records - A Little History and a Prediction for the Future.26.2 miles. 42.2 kilometers. The marathon is a beast that requires dedication, intense training, and a fit mind and body. Its history is long, dating back to 490 B.C. The name, marathon, was derived from the legend of Phillippides, a Greek messenger who was sent running from the Battle of Marathon to Athens, a 25 mile distance. Whereupon he collapsed and died after victoriously announcing that the Greeks had defeated the Persians.
- First Human to Break Two Hour Marathon BarrierEliud Kipchoge proved No Human Is Limited when he became the first human in history to run a sub-two-hour marathon in the city of Vienna, Austria this morning. Kipchoge ran the 42.195KM distance in a remarkable time of 1:59:40:2.
- The incredible science behind Eliud Kipchoge's 1:59 marathonA 1:59:59 marathon is the equivalent of running 100m sprints in just over 17 seconds – 422 times in a row. On October 12, Kipchoge went even faster than that.
Expectations
Expectations - Olympics 2024
- Can Eliud Kipchoge Bounce Back to Win Paris 2024 Olympic Marathon Gold After Boston Disappointment?"The double Olympic champion has a talent for turning setbacks into chances for success. As he looks to make history in Paris, the Kenyan will be inspired by his comeback at the Tokyo Olympics following a disappointing 2020 London Marathon ... "
- Bekele & Kipchoge - will Paris 2024 be final showdown?"One of the great athletics rivalries of all time will be renewed at Paris 2024 after Kenenisa Bekele was named in Ethiopia's marathon squad ... "
- From LeBron to Ledecky: 10 biggest names to watch at Paris 2024 Olympics"From sporting legends to Gen Z prodigies, Al Jazeera picks out 10 ‘must watch’ athletes at the 2024 Olympics in Paris ... "