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"In Unit 4, students explore the ways Earth and environmental science is used to describe and explain the cause and effect of naturally occurring Earth hazards and the ways they are affected by Earth systems. An understanding of the causes of naturally occurring hazards is essential to appreciate their impacts and the development of management and mitigation strategies. Students design and conduct experiments and investigations to collect primary and secondary data about Earth hazards and associated processes and techniques. They examine ways in which human activities can contribute to the frequency, magnitude and intensity of Earth hazards. This unit focuses on the timescales at which the effects of natural and human-induced change are apparent, and ways in which scientific data is used to provide strategic direction for the mitigation of Earth hazards and environmental management decisions" (QCAA, 2019).